Reconstructive Orthopaedics

Perhaps one of the most significant advances to occur in orthopaedic surgery has been the addition of arthroscopic surgery, a minimally invasive technique. Prior to the introduction of endoscopic techniques, large incisions had to be made in order to obtain the surgical exposure needed to treat problems. As a result of the surgical exposure, postoperative, and occasionally persistent, morbidity was common. Surgeons and their patients were forced to weigh the possible benefits of proposed elective surgery against the damage inflicted by the procedure. It was not uncommon that elective surgeries were performed as a last resort, after being postponed until symptoms were either sufficiently great or persistently present to warrant operating. With the introduction of endoscopic techniques came the ability to diagnose problems and even treat them without the subsequent morbidity that had accompanied many prior procedures. Recuperative time was greatly reduced. Because problems were frequently addressed at an earlier stage before the pathology had a chance to advance, results of operations were more likely to be successful.

Arthroscopic surgery has revolutionized the approach to and treatment of joint disorders. Today, arthroscopy is performed on virtually all major joints of the body, and, because of its applications, the world has gained a greater understanding of joint mechanics, anatomy, and function. Its use continues to serve a vital role in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal ailments because of its high degree of clinical accuracy, low morbidity, infrequent complications, and quick recovery time. Additionally, the development and increased use of arthroscopic techniques have played major roles in the ability to perform surgical procedures on an outpatient basis, thereby saving money and resources.